<?php
/**
 * Slim Framework (https://slimframework.com)
 *
 * @license https://github.com/slimphp/Slim/blob/3.x/LICENSE.md (MIT License)
 */

namespace Slim\Http;

use InvalidArgumentException;
use Psr\Http\Message\UriInterface;

/**
 * Value object representing a URI.
 *
 * This interface is meant to represent URIs according to RFC 3986 and to
 * provide methods for most common operations. Additional functionality for
 * working with URIs can be provided on top of the interface or externally.
 * Its primary use is for HTTP requests, but may also be used in other
 * contexts.
 *
 * Instances of this interface are considered immutable; all methods that
 * might change state MUST be implemented such that they retain the internal
 * state of the current instance and return an instance that contains the
 * changed state.
 *
 * Typically the Host header will be also be present in the request message.
 * For server-side requests, the scheme will typically be discoverable in the
 * server parameters.
 *
 * @link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986 (the URI specification)
 */
class Uri implements UriInterface
{
    /**
     * Uri scheme (without "://" suffix)
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $scheme = '';

    /**
     * Uri user
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $user = '';

    /**
     * Uri password
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $password = '';

    /**
     * Uri host
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $host = '';

    /**
     * Uri port number
     *
     * @var null|int
     */
    protected $port;

    /**
     * Uri base path
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $basePath = '';

    /**
     * Uri path
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $path = '';

    /**
     * Uri query string (without "?" prefix)
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $query = '';

    /**
     * Uri fragment string (without "#" prefix)
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $fragment = '';

    /**
     * @param string $scheme   Uri scheme.
     * @param string $host     Uri host.
     * @param int    $port     Uri port number.
     * @param string $path     Uri path.
     * @param string $query    Uri query string.
     * @param string $fragment Uri fragment.
     * @param string $user     Uri user.
     * @param string $password Uri password.
     */
    public function __construct(
        $scheme,
        $host,
        $port = null,
        $path = '/',
        $query = '',
        $fragment = '',
        $user = '',
        $password = ''
    ) {
        $this->scheme = $this->filterScheme($scheme);
        $this->host = $host;
        $this->port = $this->filterPort($port);
        $this->path = ($path === null || !strlen($path)) ? '/' : $this->filterPath($path);
        $this->query = $this->filterQuery($query);
        $this->fragment = $this->filterQuery($fragment);
        $this->user = $user;
        $this->password = $password;
    }

    /**
     * Create new Uri from string.
     *
     * @param  string $uri Complete Uri string (i.e., https://user:pass@host:443/path?query).
     *
     * @return self
     */
    public static function createFromString($uri)
    {
        if (!is_string($uri) && !method_exists($uri, '__toString')) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Uri must be a string');
        }

        $parts = parse_url($uri);
        $scheme = isset($parts['scheme']) ? $parts['scheme'] : '';
        $user = isset($parts['user']) ? $parts['user'] : '';
        $pass = isset($parts['pass']) ? $parts['pass'] : '';
        $host = isset($parts['host']) ? $parts['host'] : '';
        $port = isset($parts['port']) ? $parts['port'] : null;
        $path = isset($parts['path']) ? $parts['path'] : '';
        $query = isset($parts['query']) ? $parts['query'] : '';
        $fragment = isset($parts['fragment']) ? $parts['fragment'] : '';

        return new static($scheme, $host, $port, $path, $query, $fragment, $user, $pass);
    }

    /**
     * Create new Uri from environment.
     *
     * @param Environment $env
     *
     * @return self
     */
    public static function createFromEnvironment(Environment $env)
    {
        // Scheme
        $isSecure = $env->get('HTTPS');
        $scheme = (empty($isSecure) || $isSecure === 'off') ? 'http' : 'https';

        // Authority: Username and password
        $username = $env->get('PHP_AUTH_USER', '');
        $password = $env->get('PHP_AUTH_PW', '');

        // Authority: Host and Port
        if ($env->has('HTTP_HOST')) {
            $host = $env->get('HTTP_HOST');
            // set a port default
            $port = null;
        } else {
            $host = $env->get('SERVER_NAME');
            // set a port default
            $port = (int)$env->get('SERVER_PORT', 80);
        }

        if (preg_match('/^(\[[a-fA-F0-9:.]+\])(:\d+)?\z/', $host, $matches)) {
            $host = $matches[1];

            if (isset($matches[2])) {
                $port = (int) substr($matches[2], 1);
            }
        } else {
            $pos = strpos($host, ':');
            if ($pos !== false) {
                $port = (int) substr($host, $pos + 1);
                $host = strstr($host, ':', true);
            }
        }

        // Path
        $requestScriptName = (string) parse_url($env->get('SCRIPT_NAME'), PHP_URL_PATH);
        $requestScriptDir = dirname($requestScriptName);

        // parse_url() requires a full URL. As we don't extract the domain name or scheme,
        // we use a stand-in.
        $requestUri = (string) parse_url('http://example.com' . $env->get('REQUEST_URI'), PHP_URL_PATH);

        $basePath = '';
        $virtualPath = $requestUri;
        if (stripos($requestUri, $requestScriptName) === 0) {
            $basePath = $requestScriptName;
        } elseif ($requestScriptDir !== '/' && stripos($requestUri, $requestScriptDir) === 0) {
            $basePath = $requestScriptDir;
        }

        if ($basePath) {
            $virtualPath = ltrim(substr($requestUri, strlen($basePath)), '/');
        }

        // Query string
        $queryString = $env->get('QUERY_STRING', '');
        if ($queryString === '') {
            $queryString = parse_url('http://example.com' . $env->get('REQUEST_URI'), PHP_URL_QUERY);
        }

        // Fragment
        $fragment = '';

        // Build Uri
        $uri = new static($scheme, $host, $port, $virtualPath, $queryString, $fragment, $username, $password);
        if ($basePath) {
            $uri = $uri->withBasePath($basePath);
        }

        return $uri;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the scheme component of the URI.
     *
     * If no scheme is present, this method MUST return an empty string.
     *
     * The value returned MUST be normalized to lowercase, per RFC 3986
     * Section 3.1.
     *
     * The trailing ":" character is not part of the scheme and MUST NOT be
     * added.
     *
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.1
     *
     * @return string The URI scheme.
     */
    public function getScheme()
    {
        return $this->scheme;
    }

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified scheme.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified scheme.
     *
     * Implementations MUST support the schemes "http" and "https" case
     * insensitively, and MAY accommodate other schemes if required.
     *
     * An empty scheme is equivalent to removing the scheme.
     *
     * @param string $scheme The scheme to use with the new instance.
     *
     * @return self A new instance with the specified scheme.
     *
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException for invalid or unsupported schemes.
     */
    public function withScheme($scheme)
    {
        $scheme = $this->filterScheme($scheme);
        $clone = clone $this;
        $clone->scheme = $scheme;

        return $clone;
    }

    /**
     * Filter Uri scheme.
     *
     * @param  string $scheme Raw Uri scheme.
     * @return string
     *
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException If the Uri scheme is not a string.
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException If Uri scheme is not "", "https", or "http".
     */
    protected function filterScheme($scheme)
    {
        static $valid = [
            '' => true,
            'https' => true,
            'http' => true,
        ];

        if (!is_string($scheme) && !method_exists($scheme, '__toString')) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Uri scheme must be a string');
        }

        $scheme = str_replace('://', '', strtolower((string)$scheme));
        if (!isset($valid[$scheme])) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Uri scheme must be one of: "", "https", "http"');
        }

        return $scheme;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the authority component of the URI.
     *
     * If no authority information is present, this method MUST return an empty
     * string.
     *
     * The authority syntax of the URI is:
     *
     * <pre>
     * [user-info@]host[:port]
     * </pre>
     *
     * If the port component is not set or is the standard port for the current
     * scheme, it SHOULD NOT be included.
     *
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2
     *
     * @return string The URI authority, in "[user-info@]host[:port]" format.
     */
    public function getAuthority()
    {
        $userInfo = $this->getUserInfo();
        $host = $this->getHost();
        $port = $this->getPort();

        return ($userInfo !== '' ? $userInfo . '@' : '') . $host . ($port !== null ? ':' . $port : '');
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the user information component of the URI.
     *
     * If no user information is present, this method MUST return an empty
     * string.
     *
     * If a user is present in the URI, this will return that value;
     * additionally, if the password is also present, it will be appended to the
     * user value, with a colon (":") separating the values.
     *
     * The trailing "@" character is not part of the user information and MUST
     * NOT be added.
     *
     * @return string The URI user information, in "username[:password]" format.
     */
    public function getUserInfo()
    {
        return $this->user . ($this->password !== '' ? ':' . $this->password : '');
    }

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified user information.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified user information.
     *
     * Password is optional, but the user information MUST include the
     * user; an empty string for the user is equivalent to removing user
     * information.
     *
     * @param string $user The user name to use for authority.
     * @param null|string $password The password associated with $user.
     *
     * @return self A new instance with the specified user information.
     */
    public function withUserInfo($user, $password = null)
    {
        $clone = clone $this;
        $clone->user = $this->filterUserInfo($user);
        if ('' !== $clone->user) {
            $clone->password = !in_array($password, [null, ''], true) ? $this->filterUserInfo($password) : '';
        } else {
            $clone->password = '';
        }

        return $clone;
    }

    /**
     * Filters the user info string.
     *
     * @param string $query The raw uri query string.
     *
     * @return string The percent-encoded query string.
     */
    protected function filterUserInfo($query)
    {
        return preg_replace_callback(
            '/(?:[^a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.~!\$&\'\(\)\*\+,;=]+|%(?![A-Fa-f0-9]{2}))/u',
            function ($match) {
                return rawurlencode($match[0]);
            },
            $query
        );
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the host component of the URI.
     *
     * If no host is present, this method MUST return an empty string.
     *
     * The value returned MUST be normalized to lowercase, per RFC 3986
     * Section 3.2.2.
     *
     * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2
     *
     * @return string The URI host.
     */
    public function getHost()
    {
        return $this->host;
    }

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified host.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified host.
     *
     * An empty host value is equivalent to removing the host.
     *
     * @param string $host The hostname to use with the new instance.
     *
     * @return self A new instance with the specified host.
     */
    public function withHost($host)
    {
        $clone = clone $this;
        $clone->host = $host;

        return $clone;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the port component of the URI.
     *
     * If a port is present, and it is non-standard for the current scheme,
     * this method MUST return it as an integer. If the port is the standard port
     * used with the current scheme, this method SHOULD return null.
     *
     * If no port is present, and no scheme is present, this method MUST return
     * a null value.
     *
     * If no port is present, but a scheme is present, this method MAY return
     * the standard port for that scheme, but SHOULD return null.
     *
     * @return null|int The URI port.
     */
    public function getPort()
    {
        return $this->port && !$this->hasStandardPort() ? $this->port : null;
    }

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified port.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified port.
     *
     * Implementations MUST raise an exception for ports outside the
     * established TCP and UDP port ranges.
     *
     * A null value provided for the port is equivalent to removing the port
     * information.
     *
     * @param null|int $port The port to use with the new instance; a null value
     *     removes the port information.
     *
     * @return self A new instance with the specified port.
     */
    public function withPort($port)
    {
        $port = $this->filterPort($port);
        $clone = clone $this;
        $clone->port = $port;

        return $clone;
    }

    /**
     * Does this Uri use a standard port?
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function hasStandardPort()
    {
        return ($this->scheme === 'http' && $this->port === 80) || ($this->scheme === 'https' && $this->port === 443);
    }

    /**
     * Filter Uri port.
     *
     * @param  null|int $port The Uri port number.
     * @return null|int
     *
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException If the port is invalid.
     */
    protected function filterPort($port)
    {
        if (is_null($port) || (is_integer($port) && ($port >= 1 && $port <= 65535))) {
            return $port;
        }

        throw new InvalidArgumentException('Uri port must be null or an integer between 1 and 65535 (inclusive)');
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the path component of the URI.
     *
     * The path can either be empty or absolute (starting with a slash) or
     * rootless (not starting with a slash). Implementations MUST support all
     * three syntaxes.
     *
     * Normally, the empty path "" and absolute path "/" are considered equal as
     * defined in RFC 7230 Section 2.7.3. But this method MUST NOT automatically
     * do this normalization because in contexts with a trimmed base path, e.g.
     * the front controller, this difference becomes significant. It's the task
     * of the user to handle both "" and "/".
     *
     * The value returned MUST be percent-encoded, but MUST NOT double-encode
     * any characters. To determine what characters to encode, please refer to
     * RFC 3986, Sections 2 and 3.3.
     *
     * As an example, if the value should include a slash ("/") not intended as
     * delimiter between path segments, that value MUST be passed in encoded
     * form (e.g., "%2F") to the instance.
     *
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.3
     *
     * @return string The URI path.
     */
    public function getPath()
    {
        return $this->path;
    }

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified path.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified path.
     *
     * The path can either be empty or absolute (starting with a slash) or
     * rootless (not starting with a slash). Implementations MUST support all three syntaxes.
     *
     * If the path is intended to be domain-relative rather than path relative then
     * it must begin with a slash ("/"). Paths not starting with a slash ("/")
     * are assumed to be relative to some base path known to the application or
     * consumer.
     *
     * Users can provide both encoded and decoded path characters.
     * Implementations ensure the correct encoding as outlined in getPath().
     *
     * @param string $path The path to use with the new instance.
     *
     * @return static A new instance with the specified path.
     *
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException For invalid paths.
     */
    public function withPath($path)
    {
        if (!is_string($path)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Uri path must be a string');
        }

        $clone = clone $this;
        $clone->path = $this->filterPath($path);

        // if the path is absolute, then clear basePath
        if (substr($path, 0, 1) == '/') {
            $clone->basePath = '';
        }

        return $clone;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the base path segment of the URI.
     *
     * Note: This method is not part of the PSR-7 standard.
     *
     * This method MUST return a string; if no path is present it MUST return
     * an empty string.
     *
     * @return string The base path segment of the URI.
     */
    public function getBasePath()
    {
        return $this->basePath;
    }

    /**
     * Set base path.
     *
     * Note: This method is not part of the PSR-7 standard.
     *
     * @param  string $basePath
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public function withBasePath($basePath)
    {
        if (!is_string($basePath)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Uri path must be a string');
        }
        if (!empty($basePath)) {
            $basePath = '/' . trim($basePath, '/'); // <-- Trim on both sides
        }
        $clone = clone $this;

        if ($basePath !== '/') {
            $clone->basePath = $this->filterPath($basePath);
        }

        return $clone;
    }

    /**
     * Filter Uri path.
     *
     * Returns a RFC 3986 percent-encoded uri path.
     *
     * This method percent-encodes all reserved
     * characters in the provided path string. This method
     * will NOT double-encode characters that are already
     * percent-encoded.
     *
     * @param  string $path The raw uri path.
     *
     * @return string
     *
     * @link   http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3986.html
     */
    protected function filterPath($path)
    {
        return preg_replace_callback(
            '/(?:[^a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.~:@&=\+\$,\/;%]+|%(?![A-Fa-f0-9]{2}))/',
            function ($match) {
                return rawurlencode($match[0]);
            },
            $path
        );
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the query string of the URI.
     *
     * If no query string is present, this method MUST return an empty string.
     *
     * The leading "?" character is not part of the query and MUST NOT be
     * added.
     *
     * The value returned MUST be percent-encoded, but MUST NOT double-encode
     * any characters. To determine what characters to encode, please refer to
     * RFC 3986, Sections 2 and 3.4.
     *
     * As an example, if a value in a key/value pair of the query string should
     * include an ampersand ("&") not intended as a delimiter between values,
     * that value MUST be passed in encoded form (e.g., "%26") to the instance.
     *
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.4
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getQuery()
    {
        return $this->query;
    }

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified query string.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified query string.
     *
     * Users can provide both encoded and decoded query characters.
     * Implementations ensure the correct encoding as outlined in getQuery().
     *
     * An empty query string value is equivalent to removing the query string.
     *
     * @param string $query The query string to use with the new instance.
     *
     * @return self A new instance with the specified query string.
     *
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException For invalid query strings.
     */
    public function withQuery($query)
    {
        if (!is_string($query) && !method_exists($query, '__toString')) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Uri query must be a string');
        }
        $query = ltrim((string)$query, '?');
        $clone = clone $this;
        $clone->query = $this->filterQuery($query);

        return $clone;
    }

    /**
     * Filters the query string or fragment of a URI.
     *
     * @param string $query The raw uri query string.
     *
     * @return string The percent-encoded query string.
     */
    protected function filterQuery($query)
    {
        return preg_replace_callback(
            '/(?:[^a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.~!\$&\'\(\)\*\+,;=%:@\/\?]+|%(?![A-Fa-f0-9]{2}))/',
            function ($match) {
                return rawurlencode($match[0]);
            },
            $query ?? ''
        );
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the fragment component of the URI.
     *
     * If no fragment is present, this method MUST return an empty string.
     *
     * The leading "#" character is not part of the fragment and MUST NOT be
     * added.
     *
     * The value returned MUST be percent-encoded, but MUST NOT double-encode
     * any characters. To determine what characters to encode, please refer to
     * RFC 3986, Sections 2 and 3.5.
     *
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.5
     *
     * @return string The URI fragment.
     */
    public function getFragment()
    {
        return $this->fragment;
    }

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified URI fragment.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified URI fragment.
     *
     * Users can provide both encoded and decoded fragment characters.
     * Implementations ensure the correct encoding as outlined in getFragment().
     *
     * An empty fragment value is equivalent to removing the fragment.
     *
     * @param string $fragment The fragment to use with the new instance.
     *
     * @return static A new instance with the specified fragment.
     */
    public function withFragment($fragment)
    {
        if (!is_string($fragment) && !method_exists($fragment, '__toString')) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Uri fragment must be a string');
        }
        $fragment = ltrim((string)$fragment, '#');
        $clone = clone $this;
        $clone->fragment = $this->filterQuery($fragment);

        return $clone;
    }

    /**
     * Return the string representation as a URI reference.
     *
     * Depending on which components of the URI are present, the resulting
     * string is either a full URI or relative reference according to RFC 3986,
     * Section 4.1. The method concatenates the various components of the URI,
     * using the appropriate delimiters:
     *
     * - If a scheme is present, it MUST be suffixed by ":".
     * - If an authority is present, it MUST be prefixed by "//".
     * - The path can be concatenated without delimiters. But there are two
     *   cases where the path has to be adjusted to make the URI reference
     *   valid as PHP does not allow to throw an exception in __toString():
     *     - If the path is rootless and an authority is present, the path MUST
     *       be prefixed by "/".
     *     - If the path is starting with more than one "/" and no authority is
     *       present, the starting slashes MUST be reduced to one.
     * - If a query is present, it MUST be prefixed by "?".
     * - If a fragment is present, it MUST be prefixed by "#".
     *
     * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-4.1
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function __toString()
    {
        $scheme = $this->getScheme();
        $authority = $this->getAuthority();
        $basePath = $this->getBasePath();
        $path = $this->getPath();
        $query = $this->getQuery();
        $fragment = $this->getFragment();

        $path = $basePath . '/' . ltrim($path, '/');

        return ($scheme !== '' ? $scheme . ':' : '')
            . ($authority !== '' ? '//' . $authority : '')
            . $path
            . ($query !== '' ? '?' . $query : '')
            . ($fragment !== '' ? '#' . $fragment : '');
    }

    /**
     * Return the fully qualified base URL.
     *
     * Note that this method never includes a trailing /
     *
     * This method is not part of PSR-7.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getBaseUrl()
    {
        $scheme = $this->getScheme();
        $authority = $this->getAuthority();
        $basePath = $this->getBasePath();

        if ($authority !== '' && substr($basePath, 0, 1) !== '/') {
            $basePath = $basePath . '/' . $basePath;
        }

        return ($scheme !== '' ? $scheme . ':' : '')
            . ($authority ? '//' . $authority : '')
            . rtrim($basePath, '/');
    }
}